Blog Archive MBA News Teaching Entrepreneurship Is Difficult, Says Martin Trust Center Director

Blog Archive MBA News Teaching Entrepreneurship Is Difficult, Says Martin Trust Center Director The Wall Street Journal published an op-ed this week in which Bill Auletâ€"former professional basketball player and current director of Sloan’s Martin Trust Center for MIT Entrepreneurshipâ€"addresses what he sees as the youthful state of entrepreneurial education. Citing a tendency to fill the “intellectual and scholarly vacuum” with overly mythologized start-up anecdotes, Aulet says that entrepreneurial education has yet to come into its own. He adds that although it “will never be fully like law, medicine, or accounting, colleges need to start thinking of entrepreneurship as a discipline that demands similar academic rigor.” Yet despite the increasing popularity of viewing entrepreneurship as a lucrative career path, it remains one of the smallest sectors in which newly minted MBAs actually choose to work. Only 6.5% of MIT Sloan’s Class of 2012 (26 MBAs)  reported starting their own business after graduationâ€"and 6.5% was actually quite high compared with the numbers at other top ten schools. Perhaps, as Aulet suggests, schools need to do a better job of imparting the sort of skills and resources that translate to real world success. Another issue may be that too many MBAs are busy paying back the student loan money they spent on weekend party trips to Iceland and Moscow  and need to find jobs that will allow them to pay down their student loans immediately. Share ThisTweet Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Sloan) News

Individual Privacy vs. National Security - 1770 Words

Individual Privacy vs. National Security Individual Privacy vs. National Security is something that many people have argued for years. Many people have forgotten what a disturbance September 11, 2001 was to everyone in America. This was the day that 2,992 lives were stolen in the attacks by the Taliban on U.S. soil. Due to this attack the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) along with the Federal Government has put in place many new security regulations. Many people have lost touch with why these regulations were put in place. As well, many people have lost touch with why TSA is using full body scanners and other security devices. On September 11, 2001 19 members of a global terrorism network called al-Qaeda in a†¦show more content†¦The device carried by Abdulmutallab was not detectable by any device in wide-spread use at the time, other than a dog trained to detect bombs with its sense of smell. As a result, advanced imaging technology (AIT) machinery, also known as full-body scanners, were d eployed more widely across America. Even though these full-body scanners were recognized by security experts as being better and more effective at detecting prohibited items than the ordinary metal detectors that had been in use for decades passengers objected to the new scanners, because they are able to take images through the subject’s clothing, and their alternative, a physical â€Å"pat down† inspection by a TSA security officer similar to what police officers use to search subjects when they are taken into custody. Critics claim AIT scanner images and pat downs violate the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which guarantees the right of citizens to be protected from unreasonable searches, but those same critics have not offered viable alternatives that would safeguard the traveling public from attacks like those of Abdulmutallab. In other words, some activists became more focused on safeguarding their personal privacy and rights at the risk of their pers onal safety.Show MoreRelatedIndividual Privacy vs National Security5833 Words   |  24 PagesIndividual Privacy VS National Security John Williams ENG 122: GSE 1244A Instructor: Ebony Gibson November 1, 2012 Individual Privacy VS National Security Introduction Since the terrorist attack of 9/11, America has been in a high level conflict with terrorist around the world, particularly the group known as Al Qaeda. There has been many discussions within the U.S. Congress about the measures of how to effectively combat this organization and their members, here and abroad. ConsequentlyRead MoreIndividual Privacy vs. National Security: A Report628 Words   |  3 PagesIndividual Privacy vs National Security In liberal-democratic societies, the right to individual privacy is among the core components of the democratic system. The right to privacy is enshrined in the Constitution of the United States and is a part of value systems Americans are proud of and cherish. Concepts related to privacy touch on freedom, trust, the right to be left alone, obedience, and free will (Michael Michael, 2006, p. 360). The privacy needs of citizens, however, can be fully metRead MoreEssay on Individual Privacy vs National Security2509 Words   |  11 PagesIndividual Privacy vs. National Security Anthony Sifuentes ENG 122 English Composition II Instructor vonFrohling February 13, 2012 Individual Privacy vs. National Security The need to protect National Security is far more important than individual privacy. The greatest part of living in the United States of America is the freedom that we have. That freedom and the right to live freely is protected by various government agencies. From time to time, the privacy a person has may have toRead MoreEssay about Individual Privacy vs. National Security1039 Words   |  5 PagesIndividual Privacy vs. National Security Antonio Ewings ENG 122 English Compositions 2 Instructor: Sarah McDonald January 16, 2012 Individual Privacy vs. National Security Individual privacy is basically the exposure of a person’s limitations to the open public. There are different perspectives in different scenarios on a person’s individual privacy. Every human has a right to their own privacy. Some people scream more than others on how much privacy they actually have. In a perfect worldRead MoreThe Security Of Our Nation1359 Words   |  6 Pagesour nation was established, security was not an issue. The towns then were little and almost everyone knew their fellow neighbors and what was going on. The security of the individual is an essential right. Without protection, the vote based framework that we know would not exist. Protection is one of the central qualities on which our nation was established. There are special cases to the protection of our rights that are made by the requirement for resistance and security. In every country, the needRead MoreThe Security Vs. Privacy1537 Words   |  7 Pages1. At stake are two forces representing a critical dilemma of the post-2001 world: security vs. privacy. Fighting for security, the FBI is seeking â€Å"backdoor† access to the iPhone in question that was used by one of the two suspects in the San Bernardino shooting in December 2015. Defending privacy is Apple, Inc., designer and marketer of the Apple iPhone. The two suspects under investigation are linked with known terrorist groups, possibly ISIS, with definitive proof of these links locked away inRead MoreThe Importance Of Personal Information And How People Feel About It1613 Words   |  7 Pagesinformations can lead to serious consequences. Individuals and organizations can use other people’s personal informations without their allowances, which can be harmful to the livelihoods of these people. For example, identity thefts use others’ credit cards to cause personal finan cial loss. It is important to have control and protect personal informations Consumer Privacy Protection Act of 2015 was to protect privacy and sensitive personal information against security breaches, frauds, and misuse of personalRead MoreApple s : A Fool s Mission1269 Words   |  6 PagesiPhones before refusing to hack into terrorist’s device. http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/apple-unlocked-70-iphones-refusal-article-1.2536178 2. San Bernardino shooting http://www.cnn.com/specials/san-bernardino-shooting 3. Government Calls Apple’s iPhone Arguments in San Bernardino Case a ‘Diversion’ http://www.wired.com/2016/03/government-calls-apples-iphone-arguments-san-bernardino-case-diversion/ 4. FBI vs. Apple: A fool’s mission http://www.cdapress.com/news/local_news/article_e78f27a8-0dc2-529c-843e-8e8c42104a5eRead MoreCyber Security And Security Of The Users1520 Words   |  7 Pagesinfotainment [1]. When these kinds of services are introduced, they also bring in the vulnerabilities associated with them, resulting in increased number of security threats and attacks. Hence, it is very important to ensure that these services do not compromise the safety and security of the users [2]. This paper aims to provide a brief overview of cyber security in vehicular networks by analyzing its vulnerabilities, challenges and solutions. I. Introduction Vehicular networks consist of in-vehicle networksRead MoreSecurity Vs. Privacy : Should Edward Snowden Be Pardoned For Leaking1277 Words   |  6 PagesSecurity vs. Privacy Should Edward Snowden be pardoned for leaking thousands of classified NSA documents? An analysis of the merits of the Snowden leaks and the broader issue of security vs. privacy and mass surveillance from the perspective of at least two ethical theories. Following the terrorist attacks on 911, President George W. Bush signed into law The USA PATRIOT Act. Intended to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, The Patriot Act the made changes to surveillance laws that

Hnc Case Study Essay - 1133 Words

In this essay I am going to talk about the five stages of life and also demonstrate my knowledge and understanding of the theories of Erikson and Maslow. I am going to apply these theories to a member of the madga family from the case study. There are five stages that we all go through in our life, theses stages are; * Infancy * Childhood * Adolescence * Young Adulthood * Late Adulthood Each of these stages has an expected milestone that most people will achieve; it is not set in stone that you must achieve each milestone by the set age. Life span development should be considered as a gradual unfolding of developmental events. (HNC Social Care page 75).each stage of the development is broken down into 5 strands of†¦show more content†¦Mr MacDonald’s life has taken a dramatic turn and he now has to come to terms with the changes and learn to live with them. He has to look back on his career and realise his achievements and that taking early retirement does not cancel out those achievements, he also has to look back at his parenting and accept that he has done his best with his family and cannot be responsible for how his daughter’s life turned out. Mr MacDonald would benefit from having some counselling sessions so he can talk through these issues and begin to resolve, Mr Macdonald could also attend family counselling sessions with his daughter to allow him to help her. Erikson claims that â€Å"positive resolution results in the individual developing a virtue â€Å"(HNC Social Care Page 78) â€Å"Maslow’s theory is about motivation, without motivation we do very little† (Hnc Social Care page 86). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs has eight levels with each level having to be achieved before we can move on. Maslow would say that Mr Macdonald should be at the self actualisation stage of his life, Mr. Macdonald is now back at stage 1 as his basic needs are not being met, as he is the sole carer for his wife Mr Macdonald is not getting enough sleep, Maslow would argue that for Mr. MacDonald to move on from stage 1 he will have to resolve this issue. Mr Macdonald will have to ask for help in caring for his wife toShow MoreRelatedCredibility Assessment On Twitter Through Development Of A Practical Approach Of Solving The Problem964 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation being disseminated through the internet given that there is no central figure to provide oversight or editorial work on content. This is especially the case with micro blogging websites like Twitter that are being leveraged as sources of information. Researchers have previously established that Twitter can be used in cases of emergency given that it can reduces the time in communication and in turns facilitates mitigation of such events. The challenge in this creative way of improvingRead MoreHead And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas Case Study931 Words   |  4 Pagescancers demonstrated copy number alterations (CNAs) in some chromosome regions. This study showed 141 CNAs (amplifications or deletions) and 62 structural aberrations (chromosomal fusions). Although the HPV (+) and (-) tumors contained amplifications of 3q26/28 region, this region poses transcription factors TP63 and SOX2 and the oncogene PIK3CA. Only one EGFR mutation identified out of 279 patients from this study. Somatic mutations were identified, several mutated genes located in the region of CNAsRead MoreThe Relationship Between Two Health Care Professions1438 Words   |  6 Pages At Glasgow Caledonian U niversity entry requirements for a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree with Honours in Nursing Studies (Adult) is four B’s including English and a science and Nat 5 Maths at C. They will also take into consideration Scottish Wider Access Program (SWAP West Access) and Higher National Certificates (HNC). This course is four years long and 50% of the course is placement based. During placements the student nurses take partRead MoreEssay about Health Care Graded Unit1138 Words   |  5 PagesI am currently studying HNC Health Care and as part of my course I have to complete a graded unit, this will entail three stages; Planning, development and evaluation. This will be carried out while on placement within a hospital setting, within the planning stage I have to choose a patient and assist them with a nursing activity. I have chosen to follow Roper Logan and Tierney twelve activities of daily living the reason for this is that I find it to be the nursing model that is most effectiveRead MoreThe Degree And Nature Of Ethnocentrism That Exists Within Expatriate Communities Essay2113 Words   |  9 Pagesapply it to personal experience as an expat living within a different HNC (host national countries). Through the evolving process of globalisation, the global community grows increasingly interconnected and culturally diverse. Scholars such as Toh and DeNisi (2007) argued that HCNs have the ability to effect the success of expat integration and acceptance, by facilitating the expatriate with cultural and social support. If the HNC does not aid the expat in the transition, research has shown that thisRead MoreAn Integrated Procurement Method For The Delivery Of Central Tunnel Section ( Cts )1538 Words   |  7 Pageshelps to reduce the time of the project because all parties have good communication with each other i.e. client, consultant contractor it helps to reduce costs, reduces the duration of the contract and improves quality. Designingbuildings.(2016) Case study The ‘Crossrail’ project is an example of an integrated procurement method. â€Å"The project delivery partner will be responsible for the delivery of Central Tunnel Section (CTS) in which stations and systems are also included. Bechtel will manage theRead MoreCultural Differences And Diversity Of The Host Nationals2096 Words   |  9 Pagesethnocentric attitudes of both expatriate professionals and their families, and those of the host nationals. It outlines how the cultural differences and diversity of expats in foreign countries in contrast to those of the host nations, work in some cases to ostracize, and isolate the expat from their new community. This reports seeks to outline a strategy to bridge these cultural disparities, between the in-group and the out-group. This concerns the social, professional and everyday environment inRead MoreHPV and Their Relationship With an Oropharynx Cancer Among Males and Why This a New Public Health Concern2255 Words   |  10 P agesAbout 45,000 new cases of head and neck cancers are occurring every year in United States. Among them, estimated 20% are human papilloma virus (HPV) infected cancers. The tonsil, base of tongue and lingual tonsil, other potentially HPV-associated oropharynx, oral tongue, other oral cavity, larynx, and other HPV-unrelated oropharynx are all to be considered to be different part of head and neck cancer (HNC) in the study (Ryerson et al., 2008). The incidence of oropharyngeal carcinoma has beenRead MoreSwot Analysis : A Swot1708 Words   |  7 PagesAccept that I cannot control everything in my life, sometimes I need to take a laissez-faire approach. 3. Take speech classes and communicate more with others. Speak infront of groups of people. 4. Successfully complete a course in computer studies such as hnc programme. 5. Admit that I cannot always be tidy. 6. Ask people for help especially peers. 7. Join social groups and participate in events. 8. Do assignments and write reports. 9. Focus on what is important and prioritise my work workloadRead MoreElectronic Commerce and Global Impact951 Words   |  4 PagesBTEC Level 4/5 HNC/HND in Computing and Systems Development Assignment 2012-13 Unit 1 – business skills for e-commerce Student Name: | | Assignment: | Assignment 2 – ‘E-Solutions’ – The Impact of E-Commerce | Hand Out Date: | W/B 24 September 2012 | Hand In Date: | W/B 21 January 2013 | Assessor: | Sue Brandreth | Internal Verifier: | Paula Hobday | This assignment brief has been verified as fit for purpose:- IV Signature: IV Date: | Grading

Memory Of The Memory Palace Technique - 805 Words

Memory Palaces The Memory Palace technique also known as the Method of loci (loci being Latin for â€Å"Palaces) is a method of memory enhancement which uses visualizations with the use of spatial memory, familiar information about one s environment, to quickly and efficiently recall information. [en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_of_loci] To begin this approach it is necessary to memorize the blueprint of some building, or the arrangement of shops on a street or in a mall, or any geographical item which is made up of a number of individual loci (rooms, stores etc.). When memorizing a set of terms, just imagine walking through these individual loci and associate a term to each one by forming an image between the item and any feature of that†¦show more content†¦The funnier the association is the easier it will be to remember it. Now let’s practice. Here are my vocabulary words. I chose words from the story â€Å"Cinderella†. Fairy godmother - Hada Madrina Wand varita mà ¡gica Step sisters las hermanastras Sweep Barrer Ball Baile Invitation invitacià ³n Prince el prà ­ncipe Slipper los zapatitos Carriage carruaje Cinderella Cenicienta. Let’s pretend this is my palace. Now let’s create a story with associations in order to memorize the vocabulary. I walk in to the house through a door off of the kitchen. I look straight ahead and I notice the mail on the counter. In the mail is un invitacià ³n del prà ­ncipe. El prà ­ncipe is inviting us to a baile. I look to the left, in the living room and remember when my mother used to have bailes. I notice the fireplace full of cinders. I grimace at the thought. This is where my hermanastras came up with my name, Cenicienta . I walked towards the stairs and looked down at my hermanastras rooms. They were getting ready for the baile. Tears began to roll down my face. I wiped them away quickly as I didn’t want my hermanastras to notice. I went downstairs and began to barrer the floor. I soon became tired and layed on my bed weeping softly. My hermanastras, along with my step mother had left the house, when I heard such a noise. I ran upstairs to the kitchen to see a brightShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Memorization763 Words   |  4 Pagesclose to them, but today many people b arely remember their own phone number. However, some situations such as studying require us to memorize enormous information before you can pass a course. It is on this ground that memorization techniques such as the memory palace can save the day. While taking this course I found this part was the most beneficial to me and that I can use this with every class I take. A course such as health science requires memorization of a lot of terminology so you can masterRead MoreMemory And How We Can Train The Brain940 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the Ted Talk Joshua Foer discussed the topic of memory and how we can train the brain to retain any information we can by using memory palace. He argued that an average person can train their brain to remember and store information into memories more efficiently by using different techniques, which will sharper your brain. People have the capacity to memorize anything in a small amount of time by using different tricks. Also memories are â€Å"pro ducts of what we originally experience and everythingRead MoreThe And Memory : Improving Memory Recall926 Words   |  4 PagesMnemonics and Memory: Improving Memory Recall Angela Sapir Arapahoe Community College: General Psychology 101-103 12/15/2015 â€Æ' Discovering Psychology describes memory as, â€Å"the mental processes that enable [a person] to retain and retrieve information over time.† When information is brought into the brain, it travels from the sensory memory to the short term memory. If this information is deemed important, it is then encoded and stored. In order to retrieve this information (i.e., memory) a personRead MoreFor My Case Analysis, I Will Be Focusing On Some Of The1174 Words   |  5 Pagesventure out of the palace. He saw old age, sickness and death. Upon viewing these unfortunate yet unavoidable facets of life, he began to lose interest in life. He had come to the realisation that material pleasures did not contribute to lasting happiness. He felt as though he could no longer act as though everything was joyful and normal. He wondered why nobody else in his life seemed to be reacting to the inevitable truth of decay and impermanence. Upon his return to the palace, Prince SiddharthaRead MoreHung Liu Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesRevolution, which heavily impacted her life. She lived in China for 36 years and then left for the United States. She now resides in Oakland, CA, where she teaches art at Mills College (â€Å"A World of Art†). A lot of her artwork is based on photographs and memories she has from China and photographs she’s taken in the United States. She takes photographs of pictures, repaints them, usually oil paint on canvas, and slightly alters them by leaving washes and drips to show how history can’t be remembered fullyRead MoreHistory Memory - the Queen2818 Words   |  12 PagesEnglish - Essay Explore How The Queen Two Other Related Texts Of Your Own Choosing Represent History Memory In Unique Evocative Ways History consists of what is known, remembered and recorded about the past in as objective a way as possible. Memory can be a fragmented yet still valid perspective on the past which enables History to fill in the gaps. The concepts of History Memory are featured in the texts, The Queen, a film directed by Stephen Frears, Kurt Cobains Suicide Letter andRead MoreMusic Of Film And Film1120 Words   |  5 Pagesand a scary scene scarier. Also with the implication silence, they can add suspense to a scene. Composers are able to accurately assemble certain sounds to make different feelings. This is done by utilizing a plethora of techniques that they have at their disposal, one technique that a composer can use is to effect the rhythm of a song by changing and the transposition of a piece. The transposition is a figure that is higher or lower in pitch (Ariation). When we think of music in film, we just associateRead MoreSummary Of The Death Cure 2158 Words   |  9 Pagestrying to force Thomas to get his memories back. Then, it soon becomes part of the conflict between WICKED and a rebellious cooperation that dislikes it, known as the Right Arm. Minho- (competitive; fierce) Minho, a Glader from Group A, was a fellow Runner of Thomas’ back in the Glade. Throughout the series, he becomes one of Thomas’ steadfast faithful companion throughout all their trials. Then, joining Thomas to escape WICKED’s attempt to restore their memories and saving the Immunes from the TrialsRead MoreDescriptive Essay : Thailand, Cambodia, And Malaysia1515 Words   |  7 Pagesestablished in the 1300s, a palace cuisine developed, and more elaborate preparations and feasts were served Thompson 10,11. A typical palace meal would still be rice based, but the grain would be â€Å"served with several exquisite accompanying dishes. An elegant curry, a pungent relish, a soothing soup, and a salad would be eaten.† (thompson 54) Note here the mention of curry as a component of palace cuisine; here lies an early instance of globalization of Thai cuisine. The technique and methods for curriesRead MoreFrankenstein Blade Runner1395 W ords   |  6 Pagesof playing god with genetics, a new frontier of scientific experimentation. Scott challenges the established values, which worship science and the profits it can bring. Scott portrays Tyrell’s character as god-like, through the use of cinematic techniques, costume design and lighting. He is filmed from high angled shots empowering him in almost every scene. Scott uses a series of shots of Tyrell corporation over shadowing Los Angeles to build the image of Tyrell’s power and how much it dominates

Nature Essay Example For Students

Nature Essay Figura 5.5: Fotografie ce ilustreaza coada de camioane care ies din Romania la punctul de trecere Nadlac 2007In orice caz, trebuie evidentiat faptul ca nu s-a alocat niciun procent din capital pentru aceasta analiza a transportului care sa poata fi asociata cu facilitatile si procedurile practicate la frontier. In mod clar, problemele la traversarea granite sunt complexe in contextul Uniunii Europene si nu fac scopul acestui studiu de fezabilitate. 5.4.2.1Comparatii actualizateIn 2001 Consultantii (Booz Allen Hamilton) au reusit sa reduca substantial costurile de capital fata de cum au fost estimate in Studiul de Fezabilitate din 1998 pentru cei 214.5 kilometri de autostrada (Nadlac-Arad-Timisoara-Lugoj-Deva) reducand cei 1.724 miliarde $ americani (aproximativ 6.7 milioane per kilometre) la 961 milioane $ americani, astfel costul de capital a fost de 1134 milioane $ americani (1$ american = 1.18 la sfarsitul lunii iunie 2001), un cost de 5.3 milioaneper kilometre. Se asteapta ca autostrada sa fie deschisa in 2006. Reducerile au fost obtinute prin: Reducerea semnificativa a inaltimii terasamentului pe majoritatea lungimii autostrazii;Reducerea lungimii podurilor prin construirea de terasamente pana la inaltimi de 10 metri; siReduced unit prices for major construction items as a result of a critical review of those prices after examining current market rates paid as part of recent contracts. Preturi unitare reduse pentru majorit atea elementelor de constructie ca rezultat al revizuirii acestor preturi dupa examinarea pietei actuale ca parte din contractele recente. In 2003 Consultantii Halcrow au estimat costurile pentru autostrada (Arad-Nadlac) la 4.5 milioane pe kilometru cu includerea tuturor structurilor si a terenului pe care trece autostrada. In orice caz, lungimea a fost de doar 33 kilometri, si acest lucru a stat la baza estimarii din cadrul Programului pentru sectorul Transporturi desfasurat de Ministerul Transportului. Estimarile Halcrow s-au bazat pe (A) Studiul Regional pentru Infrastructura Transporturilor (TIRS), (b) valorile cunoscute ale programelor, si (c) cantitatile din Raportul Booz Allen Hamilton. In timp ce a existat un model de reducere a costurilor pentru Autostrada Arad-Nadlac, ultimele estimari pe care le-am facut in 2007, bazate pe proiectele preliminare, o evaluare a cantitatilor si preturile de la contractori, ofertanti, si date comparative intre Romania si Uniunea Europeana arata faptul ca sunt incluse in costurile de capital economic toate costurile associate (teren, noduri rutiere, drumuri de legatura etc.), insa nu sunt incluse facilitatile de frontiera, ajungandu-se la un rezultat de 5.2 milioane pe kilometru +/- 20%. 5.5.1A nu face nimic si a face minimul necesarVarianta de a nu face nimic, care implica intretinerea continua si o noua asfaltare pentru DN7, rezulta inevitabil intr-un nivel din ce in ce mai scazut de servicii pentru utilizatorii drumului. Situatia de a face Minimul necesar este de fapt o sosea cu patru benzi pe deplin operationala care devine neoperationala in momentul construirii unei noi variante ocolitoare la Pecica. Estimam ca aceasta lucrare v a costa in jur de 113 milioane , aproximativ 57% din costul pe kilometre al unei autostrazi. Solutia fara autostarda ar avea patru avantaje comparativ cu variantele de a Face minimul necesar/de a nu face nimic:Ar asigura o conexiune mai rapida cu frontiera, facilitand trecerea granite si comertul international;Ar asigura o varianta ocolitoare full-service atat pentru Pecica cat si pentru Nadlac; Ar imbunatati considerabil siguranta si calitatea mediului inconjuratorOdata conectata la E68 din Ungaria, aceasta sosea ar asigura o economie a distantei de 3 kilometri fata de solutia de a Nu face Nimic. The convention is that where the Do Minimum is a substantial percentage of the Project Costs (say, 20% plus) then the Do Minimum should be compared with the Do Nothing. Conventia este ca in momentul in care optiunea minimul necesar constituie un procentaj substantial din valoarea Proiectului (sa spunem, 20% in plus), atunci solutia Minimul necesar ar trebui comparata cu varianta de a nu face nimic. .uf338a3609f04b30a598b45dbe7f11797 , .uf338a3609f04b30a598b45dbe7f11797 .postImageUrl , .uf338a3609f04b30a598b45dbe7f11797 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf338a3609f04b30a598b45dbe7f11797 , .uf338a3609f04b30a598b45dbe7f11797:hover , .uf338a3609f04b30a598b45dbe7f11797:visited , .uf338a3609f04b30a598b45dbe7f11797:active { border:0!important; } .uf338a3609f04b30a598b45dbe7f11797 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf338a3609f04b30a598b45dbe7f11797 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf338a3609f04b30a598b45dbe7f11797:active , .uf338a3609f04b30a598b45dbe7f11797:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf338a3609f04b30a598b45dbe7f11797 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf338a3609f04b30a598b45dbe7f11797 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf338a3609f04b30a598b45dbe7f11797 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf338a3609f04b30a598b45dbe7f11797 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf338a3609f04b30a598b45dbe7f11797:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf338a3609f04b30a598b45dbe7f11797 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf338a3609f04b30a598b45dbe7f11797 .uf338a3609f04b30a598b45dbe7f11797-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf338a3609f04b30a598b45dbe7f11797:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bartleby and civil disobedience Essay5.5.2Alte varianteAnterior s-a recomandat folosirea solutiei de drum neoperational cu o banda pe fiecare sens pentru aceasta conexiune, in partenerilkmclmcsncnzojhasjc

Law and Morality free essay sample

The state has power to legislate morality in order to protect itself against behaviors that may disintegrate society and its institutions Society â€Å"means a community of ideas; without shared ideas on politics, morals, and ethics no society can exist† (Devlin, 10). ? Devlin appealed to the idea of societys moral fabric. He argued that the criminal law must respect and reinforce the moral norms of society in order to keep social order from unravelling. Society’s morality is a crucial, if not the crucial, element that holds it together Societies disintegrate from within more frequently than they are broken up by external pressures. There is disintegration when no common morality is observed and history shows that the loosening of moral bonds is often the first stage of disintegration, so that society is justified in taking the same steps to preserve its moral code as it does to preserve its government the suppression of vice is as much the laws business as the suppression of subversive activities. We will write a custom essay sample on Law and Morality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Devlin, The Enforcement of Morals 36 (1959) A society is entitled to enforce its morality in order to preserve its distinctive communal values and way of life HART: Hart critiques Lord Devlin’s first argument by challenging his conception of society â€Å"*He has+ a confused definition of what a society is† (Hart (1962) chapter 82). ? Attack against the Moderate/ Disintegration Thesis ? Hart argues that decriminalizing behavior, which has previously been viewed as immoral behavior, is not necessarily a threat to the society’s long-term cohesion or existence. Aappears to move from the acceptable proposition that some shared morality is essential to the existence of any society to the unacceptable proposition that a society is identical with its morality as that is at any given moment of its history, so that a change in its morality is tantamount to the destruction of a society. (Hart 51-52. Italics in original. ) ? The moderate thesis implies factual claims of the disintegration of society for which Devlin did not provide, and (in Harts view) could not have provided, substantial empirical support. I do not assert that any deviation from a society? s shared morality threatens its existence any more than I assert that any subversive activity threatens its existence. I assert that they are both activities which are capable in their nature of threatening the existence of society so that neither can be put beyond the law . I would venture to assert, for example, that you cannot have a game without rules and that if there were no rules there would be no game. If I am asked whether that means that the game is „identical? With the rules, I would be willing for the question to be answered either way in the belief that the answer would lead to nowhere. If I am 1 (Hart’s term H. L. A. Hart, Social Solidarity and the Enforcement of Morality, The University of Chicago Law Review 35 (1976), pp 1-13]. ) asked whether a change in the rules means that one game has disappeared and another has taken its place, I would reply probably not, but that it would depend on the extent of the change. (Devlin, Morals 37). ? Lord Devlin does not then think that this power should be exercised against every single kind and act of immorality. Society should exercise this power only when the moral sensibility of the majority regarding a given immoral activity rises to the level of profound â€Å"intolerance, indignation, and disgust† (Devlin, Morals 17) ? DWORKIN: If society should not legislate against all immorality, because not all immoral activities and acts endanger its existence, then what standards for evidence and action will be used to justify society’s right to enforce its morality in any given case? The threshold criterion that Lord Devlin offers is public outrage, so it comes out that nothing more than passionate public disapproval is necessary after all!? Attack against the Extreme/ Conservative Thesis Hart rejected the extreme thesis on the ground that it potentially justified legal enforcement of moral values, regardless of their content, simply because they were widely held. Such restrictions restrict society from evolving naturally in terms of its citizens’ moral beliefs practices. ? Devlin? s approach of incorporating moral values into the law â€Å"regardless of content, simply because they were widely held† places â€Å"an unjustified brake on changes. The content of moral legislation should be determined by what he terms â€Å"public morality†. ? This is not merely the majority position that could be determined by a public opinion poll. Public morality is the view held by the â€Å"reasonable man† /â€Å"right-minded man† ? What is acceptable to the ordinary man, the man in the jury box, who might also be called the reasonable man or the right minded man Devlin The Enforcement of Morals 38 (1959) Devlin chose the man in the jury box because. The verdict of a jury (12 men and women) must be unanimous (at the time he was writing) b) The jury will only reach its verdict after the issue has been fully examined and deliberated. c) The jury box is the place where the ordinary persons conception of morality is enforced. ? Elsewhere his comments suggest that the content of public morality can be identified by some kind of moral intuition ? It is the power of a common sense and not the power of reason that is behind the judgments of society†¦There is, for example, a general abhorrence of homosexuality. We should ask ourselves in the first instance whether, looking at it calmly and dispassionately, we regard it as a vice so abominable that its mere presence is an offence. If that is the genuine feeling of the society in which we live, I do not see how society can be denied the right to eradicate it (Devlin, Morals 40). ? As DWORKIN phrases the argument: â€Å"In the last analysis the decision must rest on some article of moral faith, and in a democracy this sort of issue must be settled in accordance with democratic principles. It is, after all, the community which acts when the threats and sanctions of the criminal law are brought to bear. The community must take the moral responsibility, and it must therefore act on its own lights – that is, on the moral faith of its members† (Dworkin, 246-247) HART: ? Distinguishes between Positive and Critical Morality Critical Morality: A statement of what is morally true Positive/conventional morality: A statement of what most people believe is morally true. ? Hart argued Devlin always slipped into the Positive Morality approach. The problem is that beliefs about moral matters change. At any given time in a community, there may be a consensus on some moral questions, while on other questions there will be sharp divisions. Over time, an issue may go from being a matter of consensus to being a matter of controversy, and given enough time, an issue which there was a consensus one way may eventually be a matter of consensus the other way. How can we know that our laws are enforcing society’s moral consensus rather than just protecting the last generation’s prejudices against a consensus forming around another position. The Harm Principle Hart’s2 point of inception was Mill’s ‘Harm Principle’: If there are any ‘Critically Moral Rights’ or ‘Natural Rights’ there must be a natural right of every person to be equally free. Therefore â€Å"The only purpose for which power can rightfully be exercised over any member of a civilised community against his will is to prevent harm to others. †3 ? Starting with the liberty-protecting Harm Principle enabled Hart to cast onto Devlin the burden of proof on the issue of the relationship between immorality and social harm. Certainly, Devlin provided no hard evidence to support his assertion that society would be worse off without legal moralism but neither did Hart provide any factual evidence that society would be a better (or, at least, no worse a) place without legal moralism (Peter Cane 31). ? DEVLIN: the fact that consent is not a defence for various harm-based offences showed that the harm principle was not the laws normative foundation. HART: distinction needed to be drawn between moralism and paternalism. Paternalism is justification of interfering with another person against their will, where that person will then be better off or protected from harm. The existence of the crime of bigamy also undermined the harm principle. HART: distinction needed to be drawn between Harm and Offense. What is wrong with Bigamy is its offensiveness to peoples religious sensibilities. ? DEVLIN: We see (moral) wrongfulness taken into account went sentencing, and we do not premise this on harmfulness because otherwise all crimes will be treated alike whether it was done maliciously or otherwise. HART: distinction needed to be drawn between principles of Sentencing and criminal liability. The fact that the moral gravity of an offenders conduct- its wrongfulness as opposed to its harmfulness can be taken into account in sentencing tells us nothing about the relationship between law and morality. [Hart offers no reason why this should be so (Peter Cane 32)] ? To sum up Hart’s position: Everyone has a priori liberty. Cannot exercise that liberty when it infringes (Harm’s) another’s liberty. A change in social institutions is not the sort of harm from which a society has a right to protect itself. A society’s right to act should be restricted to demonstrable and imminent rather than speculated and distant harm. The law seems to have little or nothing to do with the immediate consequences of the criminalized conduct. These include the criminalisation of attempts, offences of risk-creation, and the acceptability of strict and negligence-based criminal liability. (Peter Cane 33) ? In order to protect the ‘Harm Principle’ there are 2 reactions to criminal liability that seem to contradict the requirement of â€Å"Harm† : 1. Any law that is not premised on harm is wrong, should be decriminalized 2. Attempt to rationalize in terms of the harm principle any and every aspect of the criminal law that appears at first sight to be inconsistent with it. This is the strategy adopted by Gardner and Shute in relation to rape, and their approach could be applied more generally to cover risk-creation and attempts, for instance. We might say (as Gardner and Shute say in relation to rape) that a society in which the creation of certain risks was not a crime, or in which attempting and contemplating crimes were not themselves crimes, would be (in some sense) a worse society to live in than one in which they were. A worry about this sort of argument, however, is that it depends on the aggregate effect of many such acts, and does not seem to justify coercion of any individual. ? Classifying such diffuse effects as harm seem[s] to reduce the significance of Mills principle to vanishing point. 4 Reinterpreting the harm principle to encompass such non-individualized harm =(what Hart called) the moderate thesis in different garb! The debate about the limits of the criminal law has become a debate about the meaning of the harm principle and the definition of harm. Devlins approach was better. He asked a nonleading question: what factors ought to be taken into account in deciding whether conduct ought to be criminalised? Harm (however defined) is one such factor. But should it be given lexical priority over other relevant factors? ? It is easy enough to accept Harts idea that freedom is a basic human value. Human beings are individuals, and being able to express that individuality in ones choices and actions is an essential component of human well-being. Alongside the individuality of human beings, however, their other most noticeable characteristic is sociability. It is not just that most people choose to live in (larger or smaller) communities or that most people belong to various overlapping and interacting groups. People are also heavily reliant on those communities and groups, and on their relationships with other human beings. If individual freedom is a precondition of human flourishing so, too, is membership of communities and groups, and a rich network of social interactions. ? The law has many social benefits: We must view the law positively as a set of social resources rather than negatively as a restraint on individual freedom. ? This misconception arises from an unsophisticated picture of criminal penalties that fails to recognize their variety and the varying degrees to which they invade individual autonomy, and impose harsh treatment on and stigmatize the offender. This is, no doubt, partly the result of Harts argument that rules and principles of sentencing are irrelevant to questions about the limits of the criminal law. This is incorrect: Some conduct should not be criminalised at all, no matter what the penalty. But in relation to some conduct, the answer to the question of 4 N. E. Simmonds, Law and Morality, in E. Craig (ed. ), Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy (London: Routledge, 2004), retrieved 19 May 2004 from http:/ www. rep. routledge. com. whether it should be criminalised will depend on whether a suitable penalty is available. Penalties relate to stigma, and stigma relates to informing a societies interactions. ? The conception of the criminal law and of law in general that underpins the Hart-Devlin debate is what we might call a conception of law as coercion. According to this understanding of law, its prime significance and function is to secure compliance with its norms by threats of coercion and imposition of punishments and other sanctions. Laws coerciveness is seen as the characteristic most relevant to determining its proper limits. This is a deficient understanding of law and its social functions. For the typical, law-abiding citizen the significance of law resides not in its coerciveness but in its normativity. Such a person obeys the law not in order to avoid its coercive sanctions but because they consider obedience to be the preferable or correct course of action. A legal system could not operate effectively if this were not so. In this light, we must question whether a theory of the limits of law based on the assumption that law is seen by those to whom it is addressed as an invasion of their autonomy is likely to be sound. Why should we determine the limits of law by reference to the perspective of the minority of people who obey it only because of its coercive capacity, rather than the perspective of those who view law as a legitimate source of standards of behaviour? If law were viewed from this latter perspective, the idea that it might appropriately prescribe standards of behaviour that express shared social values and aspirations would seem much less objectionable. DWORKIN: Distinguishes between Goal-Based Strategy and Rights-Based Strategy: Goal-Based Strategy: Even if the behavior is bad for the community as a whole, just considered in itself, the consequences of trying to censor or otherwise suppress it would be, in the long run, even worse. Rights-Based Strategy: Even if the behaviour makes the community worse off, even in the very long run, it is nevertheless wrong to censor or restrict it because this violates the individual moral or political rights of citizens who resent the censorship. Favouring the Rights-Based Strategy (p. 194) People have the right not to suffer disadvantage in the distribution of social goods and opportunities, including disadvantage in the liberties permitted to them by the criminal law, just on the ground that their officials or fellow-citizens think that their opinions about the right way for them to lead their own lives are ignoble or wrong. I shall call this the right to moral independence, Justification of the Right to Moral Independence Rights are individual’s trumps5 over a background justification for political decisions that states a goal for the community as a whole. If someone has a right to moral independence, this means that it is for some reason wrong for officials to act in violation of that right, even if they (correctly) believe that the community as a whole would be better off if they did. To some extent, the argument in favour of a particular right must depend on which general background justification for political decisions the right in question proposes to trump. Taking Rights Seriously Dworkin assumes that the background justification with which we are concerned is some form of utilitarianism, which takes, as the goal of politics, the fulfilment of as many of peoples goals for their own lives as possible. This is the most prevalent background in Western Democracies. Suppose we accept then that, at least in general, a political decision is justified if it promises to make citizens happier or to fulfil more of their preferences, on average, than any other decision could. Suppose we assume that the decision to prohibit pornography altogether does, in fact, meet that test, because the desires and preferences of publishers and consumers are outweighed by the desires and preferences of the majority, including their preferences about how others should lead their lives. How could any contrary decision, permitting even the private use of pornography, then be justified? A proper understanding of the underlying justification for utilitarianism will itself justify the Right. Utilitarianism owes whatever appeal it has to what we might call its egalitarian nature. Utilitarianism claims that people are treated as equals when the preferences of each, weighted only for intensity, are balanced in the same scales, with no distinctions for persons or merit. Even if the majority’s preference (i. e. that which will make the majority happier) is to disadvantage or to advantage a minority, this is inconsistent with the very essence of utilitarianism , so even if it does result in fulfilment of as many of peoples goals for their own lives as possible, utilitarianism cannot allow that without undermining the philosophy that bore utilitarianism itself. Dworkin’s argument, therefore, comes to this: If utilitarianism is to figure as part of an attractive working political theory, then it must be qualified so as to restrict the preferences that undermine egalitarianism. One very practical way to achieve this restriction is provided by the idea of rights as trumps over unrestricted utilitarianism. The right of moral independence can be defended in a parallel way. Neutral utilitarianism rejects the idea that some ambitions that people might have for their own lives should have less command over social resources and opportunities than others, except as this is the consequence of weighing all preferences on an equal basis in the same scales. It rejects the argument, for example, that some peoples conception of what sexual experience should be like are inherently degrading or unwholesome. But then it cannot (for the reasons just canvassed) count the moral preferences of those who do hold such opinions in the calculation whether individuals who form some sexual minority, including homosexuals and pornographers, should be prohibited from the sexual experiences they want to have. The right of moral independence is part of the same collection of rights as the right of political independence, and it is to be justified as a trump over an unrestricted utilitarian defence of prohibitory laws against pornography. Limitations on the Right: (p. 195) Suppose it is discovered that the private consumption of pornography does in fact significantly increase the danger of crimes of violence, either generally or specifically crimes of sexual violence. Or suppose that private consumption has some special and deleterious effect on the general economy, by causing great absenteeism from work. Then government would have, in these facts, a justification for the restraint and perhaps even for the prohibition of pornography that does not include the offending hypothesis either directly, by the assumption that the hypothesis is true, or indirectly, in the proposition that many people think it true. Can we find a plausible justification for restricting the display of pornography that does not violate the right of moral independence? We can, obviously, construct a certain argument in that direction, as follows. Many people do not like to encounter genital displays on the way to the grocer. This taste is not, nor does it necessarily reflect, any adverse view of the character of those who do not mind such encounters. Another may argue, for example, that his own delight in other peoples bodies is lessened or made less sharp and special if nakedness becomes either too familiar to him or less peculiar to those occasions in which it provides him special pleasure, which may be in museums or his own bedroom or both. Or that sex will come to be different and less valuable for him if he is too often or too forcefully reminded that it has different, more commercial or more sadistic, meaning for others. Or that his goal that his children develop certain similar tastes and opinions will be thwarted by the display or advertising that he opposes. None of these different opinions and complaints must be the product of some conviction that those with other opinions and tastes are people of bad character. The Williams Report: If one accepted, as a basis for coercing one  persons actions, the fact that others would be upset even by the thought of his performing those actions, one would be denying any substantive individual liberty at all. 5 5 Report, p. 100. Laws against public sex would generally be thought to be consistent with the harm condition, in the sense that if members of the public are upset, distressed, disgusted, outraged or put out by witnessing some class of acts, then that constitutes a respect in which the public performance of those · acts harms their interests and gives them a reason to object . The offensiveness of publicly displayed pornography seems to us. To be in line with traditionally accepted rules protecting the interest in public decency. Restrictions on the open sale of these publications, and analogous arrangements for films, thus seem to us to be justified . If one goes all the way down this line, however, one arrives at the situation in which people objected to even knowing that pornography was being read in private; and if one accepted as a basis for coercing one persons actions, the fact that others would be upset even by the thought of his performing these actions, one would be denying any substantive liberty at all.

Understanding Personalities Essays

Understanding Personalities Essays Understanding Personalities Essays Understanding Personalities CMGT/530 - IT Organizational Behavior May 13, 2013 Understanding Personalities This project, in general is to help to understand the importance of personality classification and how to determine whether a person is introvert or extrovert. For this assignment was used a random test from the Internet source therefore should be determined if the selected test is accurate and able to provide true results. The second task is to determine the effect of the test results on future behavior with boss, employees or subordinates. First, there is a need to define meanings of introvert and extrovert person. Extroverts are people, who love to have others around them. Basically, they like crowd and noisy atmospheres. In contrast of extroverts introverts are totally opposite individuals. They do not like noise and attention to them. Introverts love only a few people. They do not gather hundreds of people around them to be in the center of attention. Extroverts often perceive introverts as boring while they themselves are described as loud and cheeky . Usually extroverts are lonely when there are no people around, but introverts are lonely when they are in a company of unknown or even known people. Sometimes people think that the behavior of extroverts is antisocial, but it is not really right as some of them can act in one way, and the others can be way different (Hilling, 2012). It is important, for everybody to know, if you are extrovert or introvert for knowing yourself better, find your place in this life, get a job you like, or just do things you prefer to do. You should listen to yourselves instead of doing whatever somebody tells you. Life is not so long, and everybody has a right to be happy. There are many tests that can perform the task for identifying personality type but was selected the one, created by Susan Cain. This test is targeted to determine if the person is introvert or extrovert. It contains only 20 questions and requires only true or false answers (See Appendix A). The more answers false, the more extrov erted individual is. This test was chosen because it does not contain too many questions, and they are short and clear (Cain, 2011). I took this test and I want to note that it has very clear and understandable questions. No wonder, as it is easier to answer questions that require only true or false answer rather than questions with multiple choices. It is always easier to find out if you agree with the statement or not. Questions in this quiz developed in such way that the answers come up by itself without deep thinking. That’s why this quiz can be characterized as accurate one. Also is very important to any test like this to have fewer questions because usually people are not so patient answering hundred or even more questions. After this small research, the conclusion was made that selected assessment test is effective and accurate. In regard to my experience with this test, I can note that it really accurately described my character and my behavior. I have answered 14 que stions as true and only six of them I answered as false. My result is - introvert by 70%. I was really surprised how accurate these questions described my style. Before, I took another quiz that had around 80 questions. By the end of the test, I started answering randomly without any interest to the test because I was already bored with it. I came to the conclusion that Susan’s test is more accurate and effective. As for me, the test outcomes will not make any changes to my attitude to other people and situations because it is hard to change your own biases and assumptions that were set during your whole life. I do not really believe that taking some test from the Internet can change anything globally. Probably it can just create a basis for a reflection on what could be changed in the relationship with managers, coworkers or subordinates. Though, I will take a thought about this and I will