Outline and discuss Marxs theory of Alienation Essay

Outline and Discuss Marx’s Theory of Alienation Karl Marx’s Theory of Alienation is the assertion that through Capitalist industrial practices, the worker will experience a series of feelings of disconnection from integral parts of the labour process and ultimately, from humanity itself. I will argue that this theory will be relevant as long as the reign of Capitalism dominates modern society. Marx advocates that the only way alienation can be alleviated is through the destruction of the current economic base which he predicts is an inevitable gravitation towards a classless, stateless society known as socialism. In order to fully grasp Marx’s theory, we must first delve into two accounts of alienation from Hegel and Feurbach.†¦show more content†¦He chose to look to the structure of society to pinpoint what breeds a need for a controlling force over us and wanted to know why other forms of alienation from the human condition occurred and how they did so. We must address Marx’s idea of humanity in or der to understand what exactly it is that we are being separated from. He rejects the idea of a Cartesian Dualistic view of consciousness in favour of that which pertains to materialism. Consciousness itself must be materialised through communicative devices such as language and art and it is this ability to communicate in a concrete fashion devoid of instinctual forces that is one of the features of humanity that distinguishes us from animals. (Allen, K. 2011 p. 56). Humans are unique creatures in that we are hugely influenced by our surroundings; both physical and social and our ability to manipulate these surroundings arise from learned social interactions rather than instinct. Our genetically constructed physicality such as our manual dexterity skill allow us to learn how to build tools which can be used to shape our environment; our agency to renovate nature makes us social beings and in order to exchange ideas on how to do so, we must communicate via socialisation. Therefore, according to Marx, for us to be considered fully human, we must actively participate in changing the world around us, butShow MoreRelatedWhat Does Marx Mean by Alienation? Do You Find His Account Convincing?1466 Words   |  6 PagesWhat does Marx mean by alienation? Do you find his account convincing? To begin with I am going to take the definition of alienation from Microsofts Encarta (http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary), to give a basic outline of alienation and then I will discuss Marxs alienation and then later on in the investigation I will see how similar Marxs application of alienation is. Encarta defines alienation as, 1. estrangement: the process of causing somebody to become unfriendly, unsympatheticRead MorePolitical Economy: Roles of Ideas and Interests2305 Words   |  10 PagesThis essay aims to examine the roles of ideas and interests in the political econ-omy by mainly drawing on theories developed by Karl Marx and Max Weber. The two authors have very different views on the drivers of historical development, the establishment of capitalism and the structure of modern society. Marx’s no-tion of historical materialism emphasizes the role of material interest in con-structing the boundaries and structure of the political economy. Max Weber’s notion of the Protestant EthicRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of workRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesorganizational structures (whether rational-legal or traditional) is the only indicator of the routinization of new movements. In contrast, this interpretive study unequivocally asserts the routinization of the movement. Of course the use of Webers theory of routinization is somewhat problematic, because Rastafari lacks the institutional structures that Weber posits as the evidence of routinization. However, I am afï ¬ rming that, even without these structures, Rastafari has carved out a niche for itself

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) - 1473 Words

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that can lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (About HIV/AIDS, 2015.). This is an incurable virus that has come a long way in the means of treatment and diagnosis. Testing for HIV has advanced rapidly throughout the years as scientists do more and more research on the virus. HIV is hard to detect after initial infection because antibodies for this virus take time to build up in the body before they can be detected with a common serological test. Screening tests and diagnostic tests are used to detect the presence of HIV. They can also tell you at what stage the virus may be at in the body because the test determines the ratio of CD4-cells or T-cells in your body that are infected†¦show more content†¦Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) or Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing (NAAT) is the most accurate way to detect the HIV virus in a patient. (Kapler, R. 2015.). There have been different generations of HIV tests that hav e come out. The 2nd Generation HIV test checks for only IgG antibodies. The 3rd Generation, which is now getting phased out that can test for IgG and IgM antibodies. The last test is the 4th Generation HIV test, which not only looks for both HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies, but also the p24 antigen or HIV RNA (Kapler, R 2015.). The 3rd Generation HIV test came out roughly in the end of the 1990’s to early 2000’s (Kapler, R. 2015.). This test still requires a follow up confirmatory test of either WB or IFA. Many of the tests that showed repeatedly reactive on the 3rd Generation test were coming back negative or indeterminate on the WB or IFA (Rothman, R., Saheed, M., Heish, Y. 2014.). These patients were getting diagnosed as negative and leaving the doctors but never returning to be retested. This is a big issue because of immune variability among patients. HIV antibodies can take up to two to 12 weeks to show up in the blood of individuals who have become infected (Rothma n, R., Saheed, M., Heish, Y. 2014.). The weeks before a person actually seroconverts and has the antibodies in their system are when they are at most risk of passing HIV on to another individual. HIV RNA testing can actually detect HIV infection in the blood within 9 to 11 days post

Service Failure and Service Recovery free essay sample

Assignment on SERVICE FAILURE AND SERVICE RECOVERY Few months back my experience with ICICI bank helped me identify with these concepts. Service failure can occur on multiple dimensions. A core service failure occurs when a customer is not able to avail the service one has paid for. A service encounter failure occurs when customer interaction with employees of a firm leave the customer feeling negative about the firm. I experienced the first type of service failure. In March 2010, while I was withdrawing money from my account, I discovered that my ICICI silver account had been blocked and expectedly hacked. A password was put on my account due to which I could not log in. (an authenticator barred me from my accessing my account and a random number was generated as a second password, which had to be entered after the first password. ) I tried contacting the customer care executive on telephone but that was impossible on Sunday evening 8pm. So I send an e-mail and got an automated response that they would get back to me on working day. My father had always been satisfied with the banking services of ICICI, so I also decided to avail the service of same service provider due to its proven standards and achieved results. * According to me, on the five dimensions of service quality, ICICI ranked high on assurance and empathy, however, they failed to deliver reliability and responsiveness, which resulted in the service failure. The severity of the service failure was high as incapability to secure my account and not responding to my call could have lead to a huge monetary loss to me. Analyzing the above service failure in the context of 7 Ps of services marketing, I found that there was problem on part of people, process and the offering. a. People: There was a failure on part of ICICI customer care department to entertain my call and address the issue. The personnel were not responsive in handling my situation of account hacking at the moment I reported about the same. b. Product: The offering of the bank to keep the a ccount secure and protected was not fulfilled. c. Process: There was a problem with the process as the awareness about the support channel was not there which barred the problem form getting solved quickly. * The gap model of service quality shows that there was a gap existing in the service provider which led to delay in service delivery. The Gap was the provider GAP-4 which is GAP 4 SERVICE DELIVERY| * Ineffective management of customer expectations Lack of adequate education for customer regarding the existence of various support channels EXTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS TO CUSTOMERS| Service Recovery: Monday morning ICICI responded by taking an immediate step to restore my account. I was asked to make a second request to get the authenticator (which is a second level password protection) to be removed from my account. The account was restored by Monday evening. Overall, ICICI did a great job, although they were not responsive, not as quickly as we would have been. I later learned that a different support channel would have served me quicker. They assured me that all my deposits and item will be returned within 36 hours (maximum expected time). To my surprise all account was credited within 4 hours. ICICI also gave time to educate me about how to contact them in the future in case of failure. They actually have a dedicated support channel for when a persons account is hacked. I was given complete information about the support channel for recovery of hacked account or any account related information has been set as a separate unit in ICICI. Overall, this was a successful service recovery, and I will probably be more loyal to ICICI, as the service failure was severe and the recovery exceeded my expectations. I will be an easy customer to serve, as now I am aware of the multiple support channels, and will use the appropriate one in the future. I told my parents regarding the service failure and also informed them about the multiple support channels provided by ICICI for service recovery. Now, they are also aware of the grievance addressal system. I still hold two accounts in ICICI and the services availed by me are quite satisfactory. I have renewed and converted my personal account into a fixed deposit account which provides me better interest and zero balance maintenance facility which is need by me as a student. This was suggested by an executive of ICICI. Also I had lost my debit card previous month which I was able to get easily as I knew whom to contact and how to get it. Q. How satisfied you were with the service provider prior to the above service failure. Rate on a scale of 1-7 1- Not satisfied; 7- Extremely satisfied 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| Not satisfied| | | Neutral | ICICI services | | Extremely satisfied| Q. Rate the perceived criticality of failure on a scale of 1-7 1 Not critical; 7 Extremely critical 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| Not critical| | | Neutral| | Service failure was modest | Extremely critical| Q. On a scale of 1-7 rate your satisfaction after the recovery   efforts made by the service provider. 1- Very poor; 7 – Excellent 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| Very poor| | | Neutral| | | Excellent service provided by ICICI after service recovery. | Thus, having mentioned the service failure and recovery of ICICI bank, my satisfaction after the service recovery increased. This has incident provided me knowledge about the support system and I am now a loyal customer of this service provider. The expectations from the service provider before the service failure were more towards the higher side due to the past experiences of my father and media. After the service failure and recovery done by ICICI was excellent. I was patient for the customer care executive to get back to me and they in spite of little delay they did, handled the situation really well. I have shared my experience to many people and also informed them regarding the multiple support systems they have for various account related problems which I was unaware of before this incident. Submitted by- PUJA PALLAVI 10BSPHH010573 SECTION- D

Synthesis of Aspirin Essay Sample free essay sample

Learning Goals1. To synthesise acetylsalicylic acid from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride.2. To sublimate the petroleum merchandise by Recrystallization. IntroductionMost drugs are chemical compounds which are described as â€Å"organic compounds† because they are comprised chiefly of the elements C. H and O. The present experiment will be the synthesis of a familiar organic compound called acetylsalicylic acid. The common chemical name is acetylsalicylic acid. Aspirin. the most widely used drug in the universe. has an interesting history. About 2500 old ages ago. Greeks reported that infusions of willow and poplar bark could be used to alleviate hurting and symptoms of unwellness. There are studies that American Indians. before the clip of Columbus. used particular teas made from the bark of willow trees to cut down febrility. In 1763. the Reverend Edward Stone introduced these infusions and teas to the Europeans and in the early 1800’s the active ingredient in willow bark ( and in the flowers of the hayfield Sweet works which had similar curative features ) was isolated and identified as salicylic acid ( from Salix. We will write a custom essay sample on Synthesis of Aspirin Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page the Latin name for the willow tree ) . Although salicylic acid could be synthesized in the research lab and big measures became available for curative usage in the mid 1800s. the compound’s acidic belongingss caused annoyance in the moist membranes of the oral cavity. pharynx and tummy. In 1875. the Na salt was introduced and although the salt was less rancid to the gustatory sensation ( really it had an obnoxious sweetish gustatory sensation ) . it did non relieve the stomachic uncomfortableness jobs. salicylic acid Na salicylateIn 1893. Felix Hoffman Jr. . a chemist working for the Bayer Laboratories in Germany. discovered a practical path for synthesising an ester derived function of salicylic acid. acetylsalicylic acid. Acetyl Salicylic AcidAspirin. ASAAcetylsalicylic acid. a weaker acid than salicylic acid. was found to hold the medicative belongingss of salicylic acid without holding the obnoxious gustatory sensation or bring forthing the tummy jobs. The ethanoyl group group efficaciously masks the sourness of the drug during its consumption and after it passes into the little bowel. it is converted back to salicylic acid where it can come in the blood stream and make its hurting alleviating action. Bayer called its new merchandise â€Å"aspirin. † the name being derived from â€Å"a† for ethanoyl group. and the root â€Å"-spir† . from the Latin name Spiraea ulmaria. the meadow sweet flower. from which salicylic acid had been isolated. It was patented by Bayer in 1899. and in 1915 Bayer Aspirin tablets became commercially available as a non- prescription drug. The hallmark is still owned by the Bayer A. G. company in Germany. Today. acetylsalicylic acid is one of the most widely used. commercially available pharmaceutical drugs in the universe. Its belongingss make it a powerful analgetic ( trouble stand-in ) . antipyretic ( fever reducing agent ) and anti-inflammatory ( reduces swelling ) drug. Aspirin is non without its mistakes. It still causes some tummy annoyance in some persons. and it has been estimated that about 1 milliliters of blood is lost from the tummy liner for each gm of acetylsalicylic acid consumed. Aspirin is known to interfere with normal blood curdling ( which really may be a benefit in forestalling bosom jobs ) . Reye syndrome. a rare but serious unwellness has been associated with acetylsalicylic acid. and kids and adolescents should non utilize acetylsalicylic acid for grippe like symptoms before confer withing a physician. Synthesis The salicylate ion forms the curative portion of the acetylsalicylic acid. Aspirin passes through the acidic tummy contents ad does non ionise and organize the salicylate ion until it reaches the alkalic conditions in the bowels. Here it is hydrolyzed to organize the ethanoate and salicylate ion. The latter ion is absorbed through the enteric wall. The equation picturing this reaction is given below. The concluding measure in the commercial synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid involves the contrary of this reaction. The salicylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride. which is a more reactive compound than the acetate ion. Catalytic sums of sulphuric acid make the reaction proceed really quickly. This is the synthesis measure you will execute in this assignment. H2SO4 The above reaction is an illustration of an organic synthesis called esterification. Esterification is the acerb catalyzed reaction of a carboxyl ( -COOH ) group and an -OH group of an intoxicant or phenol to organize a carboxylate ester. In the synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid the -OH group is the phenolic -OH group attached to ring of the salicylic acid. The acetyl group. -COCH3 comes form acetic anhydride. and the reaction is catalyzed by sulphuric acid. This reaction is rather simple and gives a good output of the merchandise. Aspirin. although it is soluble in hot intoxicant. is non soluble in H2O. Consequently. the concluding merchandise will be filtered from an aqueous solution. and washed with cold H2O. so air dried. A Particular Summary ( Song )â€Å"How to Make Aspirin Today†Achey twenty-four hours. concern please. travel off.And I’m acquiring a febrility. Oy vey!Can you state me how to do. how to do acetylsalicylic acid today?These you take. when acetylsalicylic acid you make.Salicylic acid’s on the list And acetic anhydride and an acerb accelerator.Sulfuric to be exact. Blend them all and they react.And an ester is formed. You esterify. You esterify.On phenol. acetyl finds its end.And from H2O. white crystals arise.And to do them pure. from intoxicant recrystallize.by Thomas OttOakland University. Rochester MI Experimental( Preparation of Aspirin:1- Place 3. 0 g ( 0. 02 mol ) of salicylic acid in a 100 milliliter Erlenmeyer flask. 2- Add. with uninterrupted stirring. 6 milliliter of acetic anhydride ( fume goon ) followed by 1 milliliters of concentrated sulphuric acid. 3- Stir the mixture gently detecting the rise in temperature to 70-80  °C while the salicylic acid dissolves. Heat in a H2O bath if needed. 4- After 15 proceedingss the solution cools by itself to 35-45  °C and a solid mass of acetylsalicylic acid signifiers. 5- Pour 35 milliliter of ice-cold H2O over the contents of the flask to hydrolyse extra acetic anhydride and to finish the precipitation of acetylsalicylic acid. 6- Chill the Erlenmeyer flask in an ice bath with occasional twirling to do precipitation of the merchandise. If no precipitate signifiers. rubing the side of the flask with a glass stirring rod may assist originate crystallisation. While the flask is chilling. fix a vacuity filtration setupas shown at the right. 7- Collect the petroleum acetylsalicylic acid utilizing a Buchner funnel and wash with ice-cold H2O. 8- Air-dry the merchandise. weigh. and cipher the output.( Recrystallization of Crude Aspirin:To sublimate your synthesized acetylsalicylic acid. reassign it to a little Erlenmeyer flask and add a little sum of ethyl alcohol utilizing a fictile pipet. Warm the solution to 60 ?C. Cover the solution and let it to chill undisturbed to room temperature. Then set the beaker in an ice bath and one time once more rub the interior of the flask with a glass rod to bring on recrystallization. Roll up the purified acetylsalicylic acid by vacuity filtration and rinse them with ice-cold H2O. Let the crystals dry for a few proceedingss before weighing them. Determine the mass of your dry purified acetylsalicylic acid. Synthesis and Analysis of AspirinReport Sheet( Give a balanced equation for the synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. ( Determine the restricting reagent in the synthesis reaction ( show computations ) . ( Preparation of Aspirin:Theoretical output of acetylsalicylic acid ( Show computations ) . Actual yield=Percentage output ( show computations ) . ( Recrystallization of Aspirin:Mass of petroleum aspirin=Mass of recrystallized aspirin=Percentage yield= ( Give the mechanism of the reaction in your experiment.